漏电起痕试验仪由北京北广精仪仪器设备有限公司按照国标（GB4207、IEC60112）精密生产。售出后并有专业工程师上门培训调试。直到客户了解仪器为止。
本产品名称：漏电起痕试验仪，耐漏电起痕试验仪，相比漏电起痕指数 （或称相对漏电起痕指数）。型号：BDH 适用标准有：GB/T4207、GB4706.1 ASTM D 3638-92、IEC60112 、UL746A
需要请致电详谈：北京北广精仪仪器设备有限公司
一、本仪器技术参数：
1、空气环境：0~40°C；
2、相对湿度：≤80%；
3、无明显振动及腐蚀性气体的场所；
4、工作电压：AC220V±2% 50HZ±1%，1KVA；
5、试验电压：100~600V连续可调数显，电压表显示值zui大误差：1.5%，显示值为:r.m.s；
6、延时电路：试验回路在（0.5±10%）A（r.m.s）或更大电流时延时（2±10%）S后动作；
7、电极：
a: 5㎜×2㎜矩形铂金电极和黄铜电极各一对；
b: 电极符合IEC60112的尺寸要求：（5±0.1）㎜×（2±0.1）㎜×（≥12）㎜,其中一端凿尖角度为（30±2）°（即试验端呈30°±2°斜角）,凿尖平面宽度为0.01㎜~0.1㎜；
c: 电极间所成角度为60°±5°,间距为（4±0.1㎜）；
d: 对样品压力为:1.00N±0.05N；
8、滴液系统：
a: （30±5）秒（开启滴液时间28S+开启滴液持续时间2S）自动计数、数显（可预置），50滴时间：（24.5±2）min;
b: 滴液针嘴到样品表面高度:35㎜±5㎜（附一个量规作测量参考）;
c: 滴液重量:20滴:0.380g~0.489g;50滴:0.997g~1.147g;
9、短路电流：两电极短路时的电流可调至（1±0.1）A,数显±1%,电流表显示值为有效值（r.m.s）;
10、仪器外形尺寸（宽*高*深）：1100*1150*550㎜（0.5立方）；
1：700*385*1000㎜（0.1立方）；
箱体由1.2厚的304不锈钢板制成，可订制0.75立方；
11、样品支撑平板：厚度≥4㎜的玻璃；
12、针嘴外径：A溶液：0.9㎜~1.2㎜
B溶液: 0.9㎜~3.45㎜
滴液大小根据滴液系统而定；
13、风速：0.2M/S。
二、本仪器主要用途：
漏电起痕试验仪适用于照明设备、低压电器、家用电器、机床电器、电机、电动工具、电子仪器、电工仪表、信息技术设备的研究、生产和质检部门，也适用于绝缘材料、工程塑料、电气连接件、辅件行业。
三、漏电起痕试验仪：
1.工作电源:AC220V±5[%] 50HZ±1[%],1KVA；
2.试验电压: 100~600V连续可调数显；
3.延时电路:试验回路在0.5A或更大电流时延时2秒后动作；
4.电极:5mmX2mm矩形铂金电极和黄铜材料各一对,每个电极对试样的压力可调整（1N±0.05N）；
5.两电极间距4±0.1mm;
6.滴液间隔:30±5秒（开启滴液时间28S+开启滴液持续时间2S） 自动计数 、数显（可预置）；
7.短路电流:两电极短路时的电流可调至1±0.1A,数显±1[%]；
8.操作箱体积:0.1立方、0.5立方、0.75立方。
四、本仪器特点：
CTI是判断绝缘材料相比电痕化指数，满足DIN EN60112标准。 CTI模拟跟踪绝缘材料间通过两电极间滴液的电流。通常使用的绝缘材料可能暴露在潮湿或者有尘埃的环境中，如果在传导的情况下，可能引起重压或者火灾的危险。本部分满足DIN EN 60 112 / IEC 60 112 / 或者 VDE 0303 *部分。 测试满足KA方法 （滴落物的数量 / 爬行者通道深度）和KA方法（直到第50滴滴液的电压）。 CTI 和 PTI值将能够确定。 组合允许进行微调测试电压、测试电流、开关时间、滴液大小和滴落数量。
五、本仪器需要注意的事项：
1、在操作过程中，人员应该注意个人防护，避免漏电受伤或被溶液沾染到口、眼部位造成伤害
2、输入电源AC220±2%。
3、排气管应通出窗外。
4、在对样品进行时,请勿打开仓门,待试验完之后或当实验失效产生火烟时，先打开风扇排除烟雾后，再打开仓门进行作业。
5、实验前须确认设备是否在计量有效期内，如超期则不能进行实验
6、电源应用有地线的三极插座，保证接地可靠。
六、试验原理：
在固体绝缘材料表面上，在规定尺寸（2mm×5mm） 的铂电极之间，-施加某一电压并定时（30s）定高度（35mm）滴下规定液滴体积的导电液体（0.1%NH 4CL），用以评价固体绝缘材料表面在电场和潮湿或污染介质联合作用下的耐漏电性能，测定其相比电痕化指数（CT1） 和耐电痕化指数（PT1） 。
七、试验目的：
耐漏电起痕试验主要是模拟家用电器产品在实际使用中不同极性带电部件在绝缘材料表面沉积的导电物质是否引起绝缘材料表面爬电、击穿短路和起火危险而进行的检验。电器产品在使用过程中，由于环境的枵染导致绝缘材料表面有污物、潮气而产生漏电，由此诱发的腐蚀而损坏绝缘性能。本标准所规定的试验是一种模拟极恶劣条件的加速试验以检验绝缘材料是否会形成漏电痕迹，从而能在短时间内区别固体绝缘材料抗漏电起痕的能力，保证产品在特定环境条件下的使用安全。
其他附加介绍：
漏电起痕（Tracking）：固体绝缘材料表面在电场和电解液的联合作用下逐渐形成导电通路的过程。
耐漏电起痕指数 Proof Tracking Index（ PTI ）：材料表面在30秒一滴速率下经受住50滴电解液的作用后形成*性导电炭通路所需的电压，以V表示。
聚合物绝缘材料有着特殊的电气破坏现象，即聚合物绝缘材料表面在特定的条件下会发生电痕劣化现象，并且可以导致电痕破坏。电痕破坏是指当材料表面存在潮湿与污秽、电场足够大时，表面将有漏电流产生，在电流的焦耳热作用下，水分被蒸发，随着材料表面液膜的分离形成的缝隙（称为干燥带），在干燥带形成瞬间液膜间场强达到放电场强而导致放电，放电产生的热量使材料表面局部碳化，由于碳化生成物的导电率高，此处的电场密度集中于该碳化部分，引起放电的重复发生，在其周围产生更多的碳化物，形成碳化导电路，并向电极方向伸展，zui终导致短路。
试样厚度
GB/T4207-2003规定，试样厚度不得小于3 mm，因为通常情况下试样下的垫块是玻璃或钢板，由于试验时电离NH4Cl溶液会产生大量的热量，在试样必须耐受热量的情况下，如果试样过薄试样上的热量就会很快传递掉，就起不到试样耐受电离NH4Cl溶液的作用。因此在试验时应保证试样厚度不小于3 mm，应采用同材质的试样叠加的方式，使试样厚度不小于3 mm。同时叠加的试样尺寸应尽可能*。
蒸馏水或去离子水的电阻率
GB/T4207-2003中规定用蒸馏水或去离子水调制NH4Cl溶液，使溶液的电阻率达到（395±5）欧·cm。但标准中未规定蒸馏水或去离子水的电阻率。笔者在*的试验中得出，蒸馏水或去离子水的电阻率会影响验结果，使试验结果电压降低。因为蒸馏水或去离子水的电阻率较低，就意味着蒸馏水或去离子水中似含有可忽视的离子，这些杂质离子会影响配成的NH4Cl溶液中的NH4+和Cl-，甚至加速了NH4Cl溶液的电离。蒸馏水或去离子水的电阻率越高，蒸馏水或去离子水中所含的杂质离子就越少，对试验结果的影响就越小。从笔者大量的实验结果来看，蒸馏水或去离子水的电阻率应不小于10 M欧·cm，以此控制蒸馏水或去离子水中杂质离子对试验结果的影响。
试验短路电流的设定
GB/T4207-2003规定，试验前应将试验短路电流设定为1 A。那么这里可能出现两种情况：
（1）不同的试验电压只设定一次短路电流；
（2）每种试验电压单独设定短路电流。对于不同的试验电压只设定一次短路电流，例如，试验电压为200 V，短路电流设为1 A，再将试验电压升高到300 V时，然后验证短路电流，可发现电流超过1 A。如果将试验电压降低到150 V时，验证短路电流，会发现电流不到1 A。因此为保证试验符合标准的要求，每调整一次试验电压，均应再次调整短路电流。
液滴量大小的控制
GB/T4207-2003中规定的液滴量的大小应控制在44滴/毫升~45滴/毫升。在试验中，滴数可通过液滴计数器控制，那么怎样确定44滴~45滴是1 mL呢？笔者总结了一个简易而有效的方法。由于NH4Cl溶液的百分比浓度为0.1%，NH4Cl的量很小，那么可将溶液的密度定为1 g/mL。将溶液注入滴液器中，用一小容器，先称取空容器的重量，然后将小容器置于滴液器下，以容纳液滴。启动仪器，滴出NH4Cl溶液44滴~45滴，再称取小容器的重量。两次称量相减后就可以得出44滴~45滴液滴的重量。如果重量是1 g，就说明44滴~45滴溶液是1 ml；如果超过1 g，就说明液滴量过大，应调整液滴量延时器；如果小于1 g，就说明液滴量过小，也应调整液滴量延时器。这样就可以保证液滴量的大小符合标准要求。
电极的清洁
GB/T4207-2003规定：试验后应对电极进行清洁。这就是说每做一次试验以后，均应对电极进行清洁，无论是同一电压下还是在不同电压下。清洁可以使用清洁剂，也可以用酒精等进行清洗，但不得使用有腐蚀性的清洁剂。清洗后，应用配制NH4Cl溶液用的去离子水或蒸馏水冲洗如果试验时试样发生燃烧，使得铂电极熔融，那么应及时对电极进行修整。修整时可用1 200目以上的砂纸对烧蚀的部分轻轻打磨，以除去烧蚀的痕迹。打磨时应十分小心，不能改变电极的轮廓，应保持电极刃的角度R不变，不能使电极刃口变圆柱面，仍应保持尖的状态，但不得变锋利。
Tracking tester by Beijing North Canton Precision Instrument Equipment Co., Ltd. in accordance with the national standard （GB4207, IEC60112） precision production, instrument quality, impeccable. After the sale and a professional engineer onsite training debugging. Until the client to understand the instrument so far.
The product name: Tracking tester, resistance to tracking tester, comparative tracking index （or called comparative tracking index）. Model: BDH Applicable standards: GB/T4207, GB4706.1 ASTM D 3638-92, IEC60112, UL746A
Need to go into the details, please call: Beijing North Canton Precision Instrument Co., Ltd.
First, the technical parameters of the instrument:
1, the air environment: 0 ~ 40 ° C;
2, relative humidity: ≤ 80%;
3, no vibration and corrosive gases;
4, Working voltage: AC220V ± 2% 50HZ ± 1%, 1KVA;
5, the test voltage: 100 ~ 600V continuously adjustable digital display, voltage table shows the maximum error: 1.5%, the displayed value: rms;
6, the delay circuit: test circuit in （0.5 ± 10%） A （rms） or greater current delay （2 ± 10%） S after the action;
7, the electrode:
a: 5 mm × 2 mm rectangular platinum electrodes and brass electrodes of one pair;
b: IEC60112 electrodes meet the dimensional requirements: （5 ± 0.1） mm × （2 ± 0.1） mm × （≥ 12） mm, one end of the chisel tip angle of （30 ± 2） ° （ie test side was 30 ° ± 2 ° angle）, flat chisel tip width of 0.01 mm to 0.1 mm;
c: the angle formed between the electrodes of 60 ° ± 5 °, a pitch of （4 ± 0.1 mm）;
d: the sample pressure: 1.00N ± 0.05N;
8, drip systems:
a: （30 ± 5） seconds （open drip drip time 28S + open duration 2S） automatic counting, digital display （can be preset）, 50 drops of time: （24.5 ± 2） min;
b: drip needle tip to the sample surface height: 35 mm ± 5 mm （attach a gauge for measuring the reference）;
c: Drip Weight: 20 drops: 0.380g ~ 0.489g; 50 drops: 0.997g ~ 1.147g;
9, short-circuit current: two electrodes short-circuit current is adjustable to （1 ± 0.1） A, digital display ± 1%, RMS current meter display value （rms）;
10 Instrument Dimensions （W * H * D）: 1100 * 1150 * 550 mm （0.5 cubic meters）;
1:700 * 385 * 1000 mm （0.1 cubic meters）;
Case from 1.2 thick 304 stainless steel, can be customized 0.75 cubic meters;
11, the sample support plate: thickness ≥ 4 mm glass;
12, needle diameter: A solution: 0.9 mm to 1.2 mm
Solution B: 0.9 mm to 3.45 mm
Droplet size may be under the drip system;
13, wind speed: 0.2M / S.
Second, the main purpose of this instrument:
Tracking test apparatus for lighting equipment, low voltage electrical appliances, household appliances, electrical machines, motors, power tools, electronic equipment, electrical instruments, information technology equipment, research, production and quality control departments, but also for insulation, plastic , electrical connectors, accessories and parts industry.
Third, tracking tester:
1 Power Supply: AC220V ± 5 [%] 50HZ ± 1 [%], 1KVA;
（2） Test voltage: 100 ~ 600V continuously adjustable digital display;
3 delay circuit: Test circuit current at 0.5A or greater delay 2 seconds after the action;
4 Electrode: 5mmX2mm rectangular brass platinum electrodes and each one pair of each electrode on the sample pressure adjustable （1N ± 0.05N）;
5 two electrode spacing 4 ± 0.1mm;
6 Drip interval: 30 ± 5 sec （open drip drip time 28S + open duration 2S） automatic counting, digital display （can be preset）;
7 Short circuit current: two electrodes short-circuit current is adjustable to 1 ± 0.1A, digital display ± 1 [%];
8 Operation box volume: 0.1 cubic meters, 0.5 cubic meters, 0.75 cubic meters.
Fourth, this instrument features:
CTI is compared to determine the insulation material tracking index, meets DIN EN60112 standards. CTI tracing simulation by an insulating material between two electrodes of the current drops. Usually the insulating material may be exposed to a humid environment or the dust, if the transmission case, it may cause a fire hazard, or stress. This section meets DIN EN 60 112 / IEC 60 112 / VDE 0303 or the first part. Test methods to meet the KA （drip quantity / Crawler channel depth） and KA methods （50 drops of liquid until the voltage）. CTI and PTI values ??will be able to determine. Combination allows for fine-tuning the test voltage, test current, the switching time, the size and drip drip quantity.
Fifth, the instrument needs to pay attention to:
1, during operation, personnel should pay attention to personal protection, to avoid leakage injured or contaminated solution to the mouth, eye damage parts
2, the input power supply AC220 ± 2%.
3, the exhaust pipe should pass out of the window.
4, in the sample, do not open the doors, to be tested after completing the experimental failure or when the fire generated smoke, first turn on the fan exclude smoke, then open the doors for the job.
5, before the experiment required to confirm whether the device is in the measurement period, such experiments can not be extended
6, power supply applications with ground three pole socket, to ensure reliable grounding.
Six, Test principle:
On the surface of the solid insulating material, the required size （2mm × 5mm） between platinum electrodes, - applying a voltage and a time （30s） given height （35mm） drop required volume of conductive liquid droplet （0.1% NH 4CL） to evaluate the solid insulating material surface in wet or contaminated medium electric and combined effects of the anti-leakage performance, measured comparative tracking index （CT1） and the proof tracking index （PT1）.
Seven, test purposes:
Proof tracking test is to simulate the actual use of household products in the live parts of different polarity in the insulating material is deposited on the surface of a conductive material caused by insulation material surface creepage breakdown short circuit and fire hazard testing carried out. Electrical products in use, due to environmental causes dye hollow of a tree surface of insulating material with dirt, moisture and the leakage, thereby inducing the corrosion damage the insulation properties. Tests specified in this standard is an extremely harsh conditions simulated acceleration tests to verify whether the formation of an insulating material signs of leakage, which can distinguish solid insulating materials in a short anti-tracking ability, to ensure that products in certain environmental conditions safe use.
Other additional description:
Tracking （Tracking）: solid insulating material surface and the electrolyte in the electric field under the combined effects of the gradual process of forming a conductive path.
Proof Tracking Index Proof Tracking Index （PTI）: In 30 seconds the material surface to withstand a drop rate of 50 drops of the role of the electrolyte to form a permanent conductive carbon path required voltage to V represents.
Polymeric electrically insulating material has a special destruction phenomenon that polymeric insulating material surface may occur under certain conditions-tracking degradation phenomenon, and can lead to damage to tracking. Tracking damage is present on the surface when the material is wet and dirty, the electric field is large enough, the surface leakage current will be generated, when the current under the action of Joule heat, water is evaporated, the separation film surface with a gap formed （called the drying belt）, the drying belt to instantaneous field strength between the film reaches the discharge field strength which causes discharge, the discharge surface of the heat generated by partial carbonization material, high conductivity of the carbonization product, where the electric field density is concentrated to the carbonization section, causing the repeated discharge, around which produce more carbides, carbonized conductive path is formed, extending in a direction to the electrodes, resulting in a short circuit.
Sample thickness
GB/T4207-2003 requirements, the specimen thickness of not less than 3 mm, as is usually the case that the sample pad under glass or steel, because the test ionization NH4Cl solution will produce a lot of heat, heat the sample must withstand case, if the sample on the sample is too thin will quickly transfer heat away, would not achieve the specimens withstand the effects of ionizing NH4Cl solution. Therefore, the test specimen should be to ensure thickness of not less than 3 mm, the sample should be used the same material superimposed manner, the sample thickness of not less than 3 mm. Meanwhile superimposed sample size should be as consistent.
Distilled or deionized water resistivity
GB/T4207-2003 specified in distilled or deionized water with a prepared solution of NH4Cl, the resistivity of the solution （395 ± 5） Au · cm. However, the standard does not specify distilled or deionized water resistivity. I obtained in the long term test, distilled or deionized water may affect the resistivity of experimental results, the results of the test voltage is reduced. Because distilled or deionized water resistivity is low, it means distilled or deionized water containing negligible like ions, these impurity ions affect dubbed NH4Cl solution NH4 + and Cl-, and even accelerated NH4Cl solution ionized. Distilled or deionized water, the higher the resistivity, distilled or deionized water contains less impurity ions, the impact on the test results is smaller. From the author of a large number of experimental results, distilled or deionized water resistivity of not less than 10 M Europe · cm, thereby controlling distilled or deionized water impurity ions on the test results.
Short-circuit current test set
GB/T4207-2003 provides short-circuit current test before the test should be set to 1 A. Well here there are two possibilities:
（A） different test voltage is only set once short-circuit current;
（2） be set individually for each test voltage short circuit current. For different test voltage is only set once short-circuit current, for example, the test voltage is 200 V, short-circuit current to 1 A, then the test voltage is increased to 300 V, and then verify that the short circuit current, can be found in the current exceeds 1 A. If the test voltage is reduced to 150 V, the validation circuit current, you will find current of less than 1 A. So as to ensure compliance testing standards, adjusted once each test voltage, short-circuit current should be adjusted again.
Droplet size control amount
GB/T4207-2003 predetermined amount of liquid droplets in the size should be controlled at 44 drops / ml to 45 drops / ml. In the experiment, the number of drops can be controlled by a droplet counter, then how to determine the 44 drops to 45 drops is 1 mL it? The author summarizes a simple and effective method. NH4Cl solution, the percentage concentration of 0.1%, NH4Cl amount is small, then the density of the solution can be set to 1 g / mL. The solution was poured into a dropping vessel, a small container with a first weight of the empty container weighed, and the small container in the drip device, to accommodate the droplets. Start the instrument, drop out of NH4Cl solution 44 drops to 45 drops, and then weighed small container weight. Subtract two weights can be drawn after 44 drops to 45 drops of liquid droplets weight. If the weight is 1 g, it shows 44 drops to 45 drops of the solution was 1 ml; if more than 1 g, it shows excessive droplets, droplet volume should be adjusted to delay; if less than 1 g, it shows the amount of droplets too small, the amount of liquid droplets can be adjusted delay. This ensures that the droplet size of the volume compliance.
Clean the electrodes
GB/T4207-2003 states: test response electrode for cleaning. This means that after each do a test, the electrodes should be cleaned, whether it is at the same voltage or different voltages. Cleaning can use detergents, alcohol, etc. can also be used for cleaning, but may not use abrasive cleaners. After cleaning, apply NH4Cl solution was prepared using deionized or distilled water if the test sample combustion occurs, making the platinum electrode melting, then the electrodes should be trimmed. Dressing available when more than 1200 mesh sandpaper lightly polished on the part of the ablation to remove traces of ablation. Polished should be very careful not to change the outline of the electrodes, the electrode should be kept constant angle R of the blade, does not change the cylindrical surface of the electrode edge, the state should remain sharp, but not sharpened.
