表一高分子烧结微孔管尺寸规格

　　Table1  Size specifications of sintered microporous polymer filter tube
　　

　　

　　表二高分子烧结微孔过滤介质的毛细微孔孔径型号
　　

　　

　　Table2  Types of capillary pore sizes of sintered polymer microporous filter media

　　表三微孔PE管过滤细微粒的过滤效果


　　
　
 

　　Table3  Filtration effects of fine particles by microporous PE tube
 

　　

　　表四微孔PA管过滤水中大肠杆菌过滤的效果


　　

　　　　

　　Table4  Filtration effects of colibacillus in the water by microporous PA tube


　　

　　表五高分子微孔管过滤压缩空气中尘埃的过滤效果

　　
　　　　

　　Table5  Filter effects of dust in compressed air by polymer microporous filter tube


　　

　　2.2.2高分子微孔过滤介质卸除滤饼很简便
　　
　　2.2.  Polymer microporous filter medium discharging cake easily
　　
　　高分子微孔过滤管由于具有一定刚性，在0.6Mpa内压作用下，过滤管基本极少膨胀、极少变形，又有一定的抗拉强度与较好的抗冲击强度。这些较好的机械性能使高分子微孔管可以经受0.6MPa的气体从微孔管内向管外进行高速反吹而不破裂。
　　
　　Because polymer microporous filter tubes have certain rigidity, when the internal pressure is 0.6Mpa, the filter tubes have few inflation and deformation, and have certain tensile strength and impact strength. These good mechanical properties insure that polymer microporous tube can withstand the backblowing of 0.6MPa gas from the internal microporous tube to the external without rupture.
　　
　　从过滤介质表面卸除滤饼有多种方法，如自重落饼法、刮刀刮饼法、刮线刮饼法、推渣板推饼法、振动法、液体反吹法及气体反吹法等。诸多方法中只有气体反吹法zui简便，又不破坏滤饼的干度。传统过滤机中如真空转鼓式或转盘式过滤机与某些管式滤布过滤机等已采用气体反吹法卸渣，但由于滤布在气体反吹时向外膨胀变形，一般只得采用很低压力（小于0.1MPa）的气体，使滤布向外膨胀变形小。这方法仅用于卸除颗粒较粗又无粘性的滤饼；对又细又粘的滤饼，低压气体反吹无法使滤饼。脱离过滤介质，必须采用压力较高的气体反吹，方可将滤饼向外膨胀变形，这时如果过滤介质仍是滤布，滤布在高压反吹下也同时向外显著膨胀变形，滤饼与滤布向外同步膨胀变形，导致两者仍粘连在一起，滤饼从滤布上仍难以脱离。因此，对粘细滤饼，如用滤布或其他柔性过滤介质，较高压力的气体反吹法无法卸滤饼。
　　
　　Removing cake from the surface of the filter media has a number of ways. Such as gravity discharge method, scraping knife method, scraping line method, plate pushing cake method, vibration method, liquid-backblowing method and gas-backblowing method . Only the gas-backblowing method of those is the simplest, and do not damage the dryness of cake. Traditional filter machine, such as a vacuum rotary drum or vacuum rotary disc filter and some tubular cloth filter, etc., have used the method of gas-backblowing to discharge cake. But because of the expansion and deformation of the cloth when gas back-blowing, it generally has to resort to low pressure （less than 0.1MPa） of gas, so that outward expansion and deformation of the cloth is little. This method is only used for the cake whose particles are coarse and not sticky. For fine and sticky cake, the backblowing of low-pressure gas can not make cake break away from the filter media. It must use high pressure gas to backblowing in order that the cake leads to outward expansion and deformation seriously. In this case if the filter media is still filter cloth, filter cloth is significantly expanding outward with deformation under the backblowing of high pressure at the same time. The cake and the filter cloth have synchronous outward expansion and deformation, resulting in that they still adhere together, and the cake is still difficult to break away from the filter cloth. Therefore, for the visco-fine cake, if using filter cloth or other flexible filter media, the backblowing method of high pressure gas can not discharge cake.

　　刚性的高分子微孔过滤管与其他刚性微孔管一样，只要直径与壁厚恰当，在较高压力的压缩气体反吹下，极少膨胀变形，不破裂，因此就适用于粘细滤饼的反吹卸除。一般采用容易得到的0.6Mpa的压缩空气，在1至2秒时间，将该空气压送至所有高分子微孔管的管内，压缩气体通过微孔管壁的毛细孔，从管内向管外绝热膨胀，形成声速或超声速的高速气流冲向管外，将粘附在微孔管外表面上有一定厚度的干滤饼迅速推开，使之自重脱落。除非滤饼与微孔管外壁的粘附性非常大（如动植物蛋白质类等胶状物），一般较粘的滤饼采用本方法均可快速有效地卸除。（对粘性很大的滤饼，可采用少许助滤剂的预涂法于以解决）。
　　
        The rigid polymer microporous filter tube is like other rigid microporous tube, so long as the diameter and thickness are appropriate, it will hardly expand and break down at higher pressure backblowing of compressed gas, therefore it can apply to backblowing removement of visco-fine cake. Generally with available readily 0.6Mpa compressed air, at 1-2 seconds time the pressure air will be sent to all the polymer microporous tube. Compressed gas gets through the capillary pores of the porous tubes, and leads to adiabatic expansion from the internal tube to the external tube, to form airflow with sonic or supersonic speed out of the tube and to rapidly discharge the dry cake with certain thickness to adhere at the outaside surface of microporous tube. Unless the cake has very large adhesion with the external microporous tube （such as animal and plant proteins）, common sticky cake can be discharged quickly and efficiently by the method. （Only for very sticky cake, a few filter aid precoating can be used to improve discharging cake.）

　　2.2.3高分子微孔介质的化学性能极为优异
　　
　　2.2.3  Chemical properties of polymer microporous media are extremely excellent.
　　
　　目前广泛推广的高分子微孔过滤介质以超高分子聚乙烯为主体原料，其化学性能极为优异，除95%以上的浓硫酸等强氧化剂之外，可耐任何无机酸与有机酸，耐任何浓度的各种碱与盐；90℃以下耐任何有机溶剂，即使某些溶剂90℃以上使微孔管有少许溶胀，但仍保持刚性形状，不影响正常操作；在任何化学溶液中，无化学物质或微粒脱落。这一系列优异化学性能使高分子微孔管在工业生产上有广泛用途。
　　
　　At present, the polymer microporous filter medium which has been widely popularized takes the ultra-high molecular polyethylene as the main raw material. Its chemical properties are extremely good. Except 95% concentrated sulfuric acid and other strong oxidizer, it can be resistant to any inorganic acid , any organic acids, and all kinds of alkali and salt of any concentration. It is resistant to any organic solvent at 90 ℃ below. Even if some solvents can lead to some swelling of the microporous tube over 90 ℃, it still maintains rigid shape, and it does not affect the normal operation. In any chemical solution, there are no chemical substances or particles shedding. These series of excellent chemical properties insure that polymer microporous tube has a wide range of applications in industrial production.
　　
　　2.2.4再生简便、使用寿命长
　　
　　2.2.4  Simple regeneration, long use life
　　
　　任何过滤介质的使用寿命取决于使用中的四方面损伤程度，一为机械损伤，二为化学损伤，三为热损伤，四是不可逆的堵塞损伤。
　　
　　The life of any filter media depends on the four aspects of injury degree in the use, the first of mechanical damage, the second of chemical injury, the third of thermal injury, the fourth of non-reversible blocking injury.
　　
　　高分子微孔管的机械性能虽比金属类差，但一般比无机类强，尤其抗拉抗冲击性能与抗压强度相当好，使用中通常不易产生机械损伤；其耐腐蚀性能更理想，因腐蚀损坏而无法使用的事例很少；虽然耐温不高（微孔PE不超过80℃，微孔PA不超过110℃）如在耐温的区域内使用，就不会发生热损坏。对高分子微孔管，决定使用寿命的主要因素是堵塞。
　　
        The mechanical property of polymer microporous tube is worse than the metal type, but it is generally better than the inorganic type. Especially the tensile and compressive strength is pretty good, and it is usually not easy to produce mechanical damage in use. It has better corrosion resistance. It can not be used due to the damage of corrosion in very few instances. Although the temperature of resistance is not high （microporous PE does not exceed 80 ℃, and microporous PA does not exceed 110 ℃）, if it is used in the region of temperature resistance, it would not be damaged due to hot. For polymer microporous tube, the main factor of deciding life is blocking.
　
　　堵塞是任何过滤过程的固有本性。堵塞现象可分为表面堵塞、表层堵塞与深层堵塞三种。采用压缩气体反吹法，就可将表面与表层堵塞微粒向毛细孔外排出，将深层堵塞的微粒向表层或表面推移。利用压缩气体快速反吹法卸滤饼时，也同步进行快速反吹再生。
　　
　　 Blocking is the inherent nature in any filtration process. The blocking phenomenon can be divided into surface clogging, the surface-layer clogging and the deep-layer clogging. Using the method of compressed gas backblowing, it can discharge the particles from the surface and the surface-layer to pore-off, and it can make the deep-clogging particles move to the surface or the surface-layer. It can use the method of compressed gas backblowing to discharge cake quickly, and also to be regenerated simultaneously.

　　再生效率决定了高分子微孔管的使用寿命，为了使微孔管的快速再生的效率更高，反吹卸除干滤饼后，往微孔管内加一些水，使其毛细孔为水充满，然后再进行压缩空气快速反吹，高动能的气水混合流体可将少量仍堵在表层与表面的微粒进行强制排除。这种气水混合流体的高速反吹法的再生效率非常高，一般可达95%，有的可超过98%。只要每次再生效率达到95%，高分子微孔管就可连续使用200次至300次。
　　
　　The service life of polymer microporous tube depends on the regeneration efficiency. In order to make rapid regeneration efficiently, after discharging the dry cake by backblowing, add some clean water to the microporous tubes, make the pores of the microporous tubes be filled with water , and then do rapid backblowing with compressed air, the gas-water mixture with high kinetic energy can discharge the particles clogged in the surface and the surface-layer. The regeneration efficiency of the high-speed mixed-fluid backblowing method is very high, and it generally can reach 95%, some exceeding 98%. As long as each regeneration efficiency can reach 95%, the polymer microporous tube can be used continuously for 200 times to 300 times.
　
　　由于操作原因，或由于物料原因，如单用气水混合流反吹已无法恢复到正常滤速，或者气水反吹次数达到200至300次后，微孔过滤管已无法继续使用，对此类微孔过滤管可采用化学再生。高分子微孔过滤管由于化学性能特别优越，化学再生很方便。
　　
　　Because of operational reasons or material reasons, such as single-use gas-water mixture flow back-blowing can not return to the normal filtration rate, and or after the number of gas-water back-blowing reaches 200-300 times, the microporous filter tube can not be used continuously. Chemical regeneration can be used for these microporous filter tubes. Because the chemical properties of polymer microporous filter tubes are excellent, the chemical regeneration is easy.
　
　　化学再生就是将已堵塞的微孔管用酸、碱或其他化学液体进行静止浸泡或动态循环，使堵塞微粒*溶解，或降解，或减弱微粒与过滤介质接触界面的分子间结合力。不管哪种机理，化学再生的效率都大于98%至99%，可获得比较*再生。化学再生毕竟比较麻烦，不宜频繁使用，只能几星期或几个月使用一次。化学再生装置应与微孔过滤机一起设计，一起安装，使化学再生能密闭操作，不需人工繁重劳动。
　　
　　Chemical regeneration is to use acid, alkali or other chemical liquids for static immersion or dynamic cycle of clogged microporous tube, so that the clogging particles is compley dissolved, or degradated, or it can reduce the molecule binding force between the particles and interface of filter medium. No matter what kind of mechanism, chemical regeneration efficiency is greater than 98-99%, and it will get quite complete regeneration. After all, chemical regeneration is more trouble, and should not be frequently used. It can only be used once a few weeks or months. Chemical regeneration device should be designed and installed together with the microporous filter, so that the chemical regeneration can be sealed to operate without heavy manual labor.
　
　　由于可用简便的气水混合流快速反吹再生，也可用简易密闭的化学再生，高分子微孔管的抗堵塞性能相当理想，使用寿命很长，一般可用一年至三年，有的超过五年。
　　
　　Because it can get backblowing regeneration of the available gas-water mixture flow, and can also get sealed simple chemical regeneration, anti-clogging performance of polymer microporous tube is very good, and service life is very long, generally available one to three years, some more than five years.

　　2.2.5高分子微孔过滤管的机械性能较好
　　
　　2.2.5  Better mechanical properties of polymer microporous filter tube
　　
　　微孔过滤管必须具有较好抗拉、抗压、抗冲击的强度与一定的弹性模量，否则易发生反吹破裂，正压压偏与安装时断裂等弊病。
　　
　　Microporous filter tubes must have good tensile, compression, impact strength and certain elastic modulus, otherwise it is prone to lead to backblowing rupture, external-pressure flatten and breaking of installation.
　　
　　高分子微孔过滤介质的抗拉、抗压、抗冲及弹性模量等机械性能参数与该高分子原料的性能有关，也与微孔介质的孔隙率有关。作者通过系统的研究，得出如下微孔PE介质的有关机械性能参数的关系式：
　　

　　　　

　　
        The tensile, compressive, impact and modulus of elasticity and other mechanical performance parameters of polymer microporous filter media are related to the performance of polymer materials, but also related to the porosity of micropore media. The author has summed up the following equations about the mechanical properties parameters of microporous PE through systematic research:
　

　　

　　
　　2.2.6高分子微孔过滤介质的比重轻，再加工容易，安装与维护较轻便
　　
　　2.2.6  Polymer microporous filter medium has less specific gravity, and then it is easily processed, with simple installation and maintenance.

　　与金属类及无机类微孔过滤介质相比，高分子微孔过滤介质的比重小于1或接近1，重量轻。另外，高分子微孔过滤介质可以很容易进行刨、锯、车、焊等再加工，安装与维修较轻松方便。

        Compared with metal and inorganic microporous filter media, the specific gravity of polymer microporous filter media is less than 1 or close to 1, and having light weight. In addition, polymer microporous filter media can be easily carried out planing, sawing, turning, welding and other re-processing, and the installation and maintenance is more easy and convenient.
　　
　　2.2.7高分子微孔过滤介质的价格相对较便宜
　　
　　2.2.7  Polymer microporous filter medium is relatively inexpensive
　　
　　与金属类及无机类微孔过滤介质相比，目前广泛推广的微孔PE与微孔PA两种介质的原料价格不高，加工工艺比较简单，价格相对较便宜。
　　
        Compared with metal and inorganic microporous filter media, the price of the raw material of micropore PA and microporous PE which is popularized widely, is not high. The processing technology is relatively simple, and he price is relatively cheaper.
　　
　　高分子微孔过滤介质的过滤精度与过滤效率较高，卸干滤饼与再生既简便，耐化学性能非常优异，使用寿命长，与现在工业生产使用的各类过滤介质相比较，高分子微孔过滤介质的性能价格比相当高。
　　
        The filtration precision and filtration efficiency of polymer microporous filter media are high. Discharge of cake and regeneration are both simple, and it has excellent chemical resistance and long life. Compared to all the other types of filter media used in present industrial production, polymer microporous filter medium is cost-effective.
　　
　　（作者单位：上海东瓯微孔过滤技术研究所）