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O 引 言
随着现代通信业的不断发展，要求信号的频率测量范围也越来越宽，部分领域已达到110GHz。利用超外差法通过变频形式把信号变频到较低的中频上，以相对较低的成本实现llOGHz的频率测量范围，使得超外差式扫频接收机得到了广泛的应用。在超外差式扫频接收机中，扫描控制器的作用是控制协调各硬件单元，使得接收机内各部分同步于快速变化的扫描本振。扫描控制器的控制精度越高、控制速度越快，接收机的扫频准确度也就越高。目前，市场上有相当多的超外差式扫频接收机采用模拟的扫描控制方式，利用扫描斜波电压同步各扫描硬件单元，这种控制方式精度差，并且要求主控CPU实时干预扫描过程，使得接收机的扫描速度很慢。针对这些问题，本文提供了一种数字扫描控制器设计新方法。采用该方法，我单位在2005年成功开发了一种新型微波毫米波接收机，其扫描控制精度、扫描速度等指标较以前的接收机产品有了很大的提高。

1 扫描控制变量
超外差式扫频接收机在扫描过程中一般需要控制的变量有：YIG振荡器频率(或VCO频率)、YIG滤波器中心频率(或带通滤波器频率)、与测试频率相关的功率补偿数据(如平坦度补偿数据)等。
理想的YIG器件调谐曲线是一条直线(调谐曲线是根据谐振频率变化与线包电流变化绘制的曲线)，但是，由于受磁性材料磁特性的影响，实际的调谐曲线是非线性的。与此类似，由于接收机内各部件(如混频器、滤波器等)幅度一频率响应曲线是非线性的，造成整机幅频曲线也是非线性的。
在工程上，通常采用多段直线逼近的方法对上述曲线进行线性化处理，就是将各控制量曲线进行分段，在段内认为控制量曲线是一条直线。只要各线段分段点位置选取合适，可以保证整机指标满足设计要求。
通过计算各段控制量的起始值、步进值与步进个数(终止值减去起始值再除以步进量)就可以表征本段的控制量曲线。超外差式扫频接收机包含多种控制变量，因此对每种控制变量都需要计算其控制量的起始值、步进值与步进个数。又由于各控制量曲线不尽相同，所用逼近曲线的直线段数目也就不尽相同。划分的线段越多，逼近效果越好，控制精度也就越高。因此，在进行扫描控制之前，计算机主控的程序应该首先确定各控制量的分段数目和各段内的起始值、步进值、步进个数，这也就是送给扫描控制器的输入参数。另外，为了提高控制速度，避免在扫描过程中CPU干预扫描进程，在各控制量换段时要求设计的扫描控制器能够根据控制进度主动地读取下一段的换段信息。下面，我们详细介绍一下数字扫描控制器内各单元的组成及实现。

2 组成框图及控制时序
如图1所示，扫描控制器包括：地址译码／数据缓存单元、RAM存储单元、运算单元、触发单元、中断处理单元、步进脉冲发生单元和D／A输出单元。

Festo LFR-D-MAXI Regulator Basic 

Gems FS-200 Flow Switch 50-240VAC 

Phoenix Contact 2938963 Redundancy Module Quint-Diode/40 

emecanique XPSBA5120 Preventa Safety Relay 2.5A 300V 

Square D KRL36125 Circuit Breaker Ser. 2 600V 125A 

Square D 9007 AW42 Ser. A Limit Switch 600VAC 15A 

Fasco 7021-5703 B23617 Centrifugal Blower Motor 1/65Hp 3000RPM 115/230V 

Ross Controls Y1523C4002 Shut Off Valve 1/2" Out 3/4" In 

Gems 26838 FS-200 Flow Switch +/-10% 27.6 Bar 1" SPDT 

Robert Shaw 044-950-524 PC Board Assembly 

Numatics 153RC13AJ000000 Sandwich Regulator 3/8" NPT 

Marathon X303 48A11T198 Fan Motor 1Ph 48Y 1/4HP 1075RPM 115V RFB

Allen Bradley 809S-E1D Current Monitor 

THK SR35TB1SS Linear Bearing 

Allen Bradley 100-C23DJ400 MCS-C Contactor IEC 23A 24VDC 

ABB 3HNE00273-1 A2-A3 Cable Assmebly 

Lem LV-100/SP47 Voltage Transducer 

Schroff SPG-124 Switching Power Supply 4.6A 24V 48-62Hz 

Allen-Bradley 1746-P2 SLC 500 Power Supply IN CANADA

Ohmite PCA1000 Solid State Process Controller 8.3A 120VAC 1kW 

Allen Bradley / Reliance PM020BS3016NH-0 BRU-200 Personality Module 

Allen Bradley / Reliance PM010BS307NH-0 BRU-200 Personality Module 

RKC COM-104C Communication Terminal Module RS232C 

V7 V7D2046 High Yield Laser Printer Toner Cartridge 

Potter & Brumfield CDB-38-70003 Time Delay Relay 120VAC 

Karcher 4.762.393.0 Red Roller Medium/Hard Scrub Brush 

Hewlett Packard 292887-001 ProLiant DL360 G3 Rack Server 512MB 

Allen Bradley 800H-PPTH16R Hazardous Location Pilot Light - Red 120VAC 

White-Rodgers 1002-6 High Temperature Controller 100-500 Deg F 

Benshaw BISCR2501-2X Power Module 250A 1200V 

Red Lion Controls LGPB0100 Legend Counter/Rate Indicator w/ Red Backlight! 

Leeds & Northrup 660001 Speed-O-Max H Chart Paper 0-2000 Deg Range 

Yaskawa JARCR-XEB01-2 HE9201012 Mario Motherboard Expansion Assembly 

Yaskawa JZRCR-XPU09B Power Distribution Unit 

OPTO 22 G4PB16H Logic Controller Board 

Allen-Bradley 47CN4-4002 Photoelectric Reciever 

Emerson 2450-4013 Control Card 

Bimba PT-037045-A3 Pneu-Turn Rotary Actuator 150 Max Pressure 

Allen Bradley 1746-HCA IMC110 to Termination Panel Cable 7ft 

Neptronic SPC1.5 Static Pressure Controller 

PLC Direct F1-130DR Direct Logic 105 Power Supply 7A 110/120V 

Banner MGCA-4A Machine Guard Control Box 115V 

Formax C33575 Circuit Board Assembly 

Enertrols SALD1/2x1M Adjustable Shock Absorber 

Eusibo 90TDY4 Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor 3Ph 60RPM 80W 220V 

Invensys / Barber Colman MP-453-133-1-1 Actuator 120V 50/60Hz 26W 

Allen Bradley 873E-EDZZ0750F4 RightSound Ultra Sonic Sensor 10.8-30VDC 

GSE Techmotive Tool 51-3057-0004 Cable 

GSE Techmotive Tool 51-3057-0004 Cable 

Festo MFHE-3-1/4-B Solenoid Valve 10BAR 145PSI 

Allen Bradley 100S-C09EJ05BC Safety Contactor 600V 32A 

Square D Limit Switch 10A 600VAC 2NO 2NC 9007 AW 18 

Action Pak G478-0001 DIN Rail Mount Signal Conditioner 9-30VDC 

APC SC620 SmartUPS 4-Outlet Replacement Battery 390W 620V 

Leader LBO-520 Dual Trace Oscilloscope 30mHz 

Weiler 103076 1155W 5-3/8" Long Insert Blades 25pk 

Baldor M3546 Motor 3Ph 1HP 1725RPM 3426M TEFC F1 

Square D FA12015A Circuit Breaker 1 Pole 240V 15A 

Square D FA12020A Circuit Breaker 1 Pole 240V 20A 

Square D FA12020B Circuit Breaker 1 Pole 240V 20A AS IS

Modicon AS-B803-008 Input Module 8Pt 115VAC 

Texas Instruments 500-5055 Digital Input Module 32Pt 79-132VAC 50/60Hz 

SMC CA140-J1I01-80 Pneumatic Actuator 150psi 

Omron C200H-IA121 Input Module 8 PT 120V 

Rexroth RFBNHC60G20E1.0 Return Line Filter 25Bar 160 Element 

Candigra 82382 304L Sanitary 3" Butterfly Valve w/ Multi-Position Handle

TopWorx 11-12121-DCD GO Proximity Limit Switch 1250W 120/600VAC 

Ferraz Shawmut A4BT800 Time Delay 800A 600V Fuse 

General Electric CR120BD03041 Relay 10Amp 3Pole 125VDC 

ALLEN-BRADLEY 509-T0D Series B Starter Size 00 

Allen Bradley 800H-UR13 Selector Switch Potentiometer Unit 1000 1K OMHS 

Kunkle 6010DD01-KM0125 Pressure Relief Valve 

SKF 6015-2RS1-GJN Bearing 

Honeywell Humidistat 0-60% H402A1023 NIB

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Veeder Root 778534-611 Proximity Switch 

Siemens Reversing Contactor 3RA1323-8XB30-1?AK6 

MOELLER RELAY CONTROL 15AMP 24VDC DIL R 40-G 

Nexen 930200 MBU-625/875 Repair Kit - Modular Clutch Brakes 

Omron CPM2C-C1F01-V1 Interface Unit 

Lovejoy AL150 Rubber Insert Spider Coupling 

Elite 05BSS-1 HQ Roller Chain 10' 

Omron 3G3JV-A2015-A SYSDRIVE Inverter 3Ph 200V 1.5Kw 

Lambda LOT-X-5152-A Triple Output Power Supply 15V 

Hennig EM-395812R 3374422190 Way Cover 

Numatics LV12VS4VIT VAK-21 Pneumatic Air-Pilot Control Valve 

Ziatech ZT-88CT25 PC Board 

Generic FC-02 Feeder Clearance Measuring Tool Gauge Set *INCOMPLETE SET*

Idex HG1X-222 Two-Line Operator Interface 24V 

Crouse Hinds APJ3575 Arktite Receptacle 5W 5P 30A 

SMC ISG210-031 General Purpose Pressure Switch 

Allen Bradley 100-C16D300 Contactor 110V50/120V60HZ 

Omron CQM1-IPS01 Power Supply Module 20mA -10/+10V 

Bussman JHC-500 Class J Fuse 500amp 

Omron G9SB-3012-A Safety Relay 24VDC 

KEP CTF5AO Present Counter/Timer CTF5 

IFM IF0302 IFA2004-ABOW Inductive Proximity Switch 

Eaton E57SAL12A2E Inductive Proximity Switch 250V AC/DC 

Allen Bradley 440R-N23120 MSR126.1R Safety Relay 24V 2NO 

Allen Bradley 871TM-N40NP30-D?4 Inductive Proximity Switch 30VDC 200mA 

SMC NCDA1B250-1700 Interchangeable Air Cylinder 2-1/2" Bore 

Banner 17267 Fiber Optic Cable 

Banner 20397 Fiber Optic Cable 

ALLEN-BRADLEY 1771-A3B1 12 Slot I/O Chassis 

Furnas 16BE25AF Contactor 240-600VAC 

Sick Optic WL12-2B560 Photoelectric Reflex Sensor Polarized Class 2 

Numatics 153SS615K Solenoid Valve 120VAC 50/60HZ 

Allen Bradley 140M-C2E-A40 Motor Protection Circuit Breaker 0.25-0.4A 

THK SHS35LV1SS Linear Block Bearing 

Cutler Hammer HMCP050G2C 3 Pole Circuit Breaker 50A 600VAC 250VDC CU/AL 

Acromag 1893-CG-DC Series 1800 7-Slot Cage 15VDC 

Numatics 082SS615K000030 Solenoid Valve 15A 120V 150PSI 

Banner LEDRR62X62M Ring Light LED Mount 

Brad Harrison 35601 Receptacle Female Mating 600V 

Red Lion Controls Counter Single Preset LED LIBC1E00

EAGLE SIGNAL HP517A607 Timer Cycle-Flex 0-5 Sec. 

Parker 73218BN4UTS0 2 way Steam Pressure Vessel 

Allen Bradley 42MRR-5000 Photoswitch Green Line 

Baumer FPDM-16P5101/S1?4 Retroflective Photoelectric Sensor 7.3M 10-30VDC 

Acme T253108S Distribution Transformer 1Ph 600V 120/240V 0.5kVA 60Hz 

Power One F15-15-A Single Output Power Supply 15A 12V 

Cutler Hammer 9-130-4 Two Connection Metal Coil 

Vishay ST180S12P0 SCR Phase Control Thyristor 

Mitutoyo 2048F-11 Dial Indicator 0.01-10mm 

THK HSR35B1SS Linear Block Bearing 

Multicomp GP1L Panel Mount Feeder Control 

Allen Bradley 440R-W23221 MSR330P Modular Safety Relay 24VDC 

FRIZLEN FZG 400x65 FZG400x65 Tubular Fixed Resistor 

SIEMENS 3TF4322-0BB4 2S+2O/2NO+2NC Contactor 30A 

Carlo Gavazzi SPD121201P Switching Power Supply 12VDC 120W 

Rexroth 4WE6J61/EW110N9?D26L Solenoid Valve 

Fasco D703 Motor 1/2 HP 230VAC 

Siemens 6ES7-274-1XK00-?0XA0 Input Module 

Litfuse NLS-350 Fuse Class K5 One-Time Fuse 

Boston 5F1 Square Flanged Bearing with Locking Collar 1" Bore 

Lambda ZWS240PAF-24/T Power Supply 100-240VAC 3.5A 50/60Hz 

Tru-Flate S24-231 3/4" Standard Filter Regulator 

Hubbell HBL416C6W Watertight Connector 16A 380-415V 

Graco 203-831 Fluid Pressure Regulator 3/8" NPT 0-60psi 

Rexroth GT-010022-04141 Ceram Valve 150PSI 

Electromatic S-123166-120 Module Recycler 140V 

Dong-A HMUF10 Contactor 13 Amp 110V Coil 

Ishida P-5455 PC Board S2-3 

Ferraz Shawmut A100URD2X73LI25?00 S101595CF00 Semi-Cond. Fuse 2500A 1000V 

Gates 14M-1568-20 Synchronous Timing Belt 14mm Pitch 1568mm Length 

emecanique GV2ME20 Motor Protector 13-18 Amp 

Nordson 185648A03 Advanced Bubble Detector 

Omron Flat Proximity Switch 2m TL-T5MY1 

Gast Mfg K279 Gear Motor Gasket Repair Kit 

FPE NA-3P60 Circuit Breaker 60A 3P 240V 

Festo CPV-10-VI2095 Pneumatic Valve 8/10 Bar 

D-M-E CO. MPTC10 Mold Power Thermocouple Cable 10ft

Hengstler 0522804 Encoder 5VDC 100mA 

Parker P3NRA98BNN Pneumatic Regulator 1 Inch 

Aero-Motive 22FLRC Balancer 16-22Lbs 8ft Cable w/ Ratchet Lock 

Federal Pioneer RCD5636 Non-Fused Disconnect Switch 60A 3Ph 3W 600V 

Fuji Electric BU-ESB3100 Circuit Breaker 100A 600V 3-Pole 

Stauff SPT-3000-N04-42?0-MD Pressure Transmitter 0-3000psi 10-30VDC 

Turck BI15-CK40-ADZ40?X2-B1131/S34 Sensor 140VAC 

co LT110TB58J Photoelectric Light Transmitter 

KB Electronics APRM-3 Module Circuit Board 

Asea Brown Boveri SNAT7640 Drive Board Assembly 

MAC 811C-PM-111CC-1?52 Solenoid Valve 120V 

Allen Bradley 47SN1-4000 Mini LED Photoelectric Receiver 

Allen Bradley 800S-2SA7 Start/Stop Push Button Station AS IS

Emerson IC-107 Power Line Filter Module 7.5 Amp 120V 

Siemens FHOEC036 Operating Cable 36 Inch 

Square D 9012 FLG1 Pressure Switch 115-230VAC 9-10PSI 

Flexcore CTA201P Signal Conditioner Current Transducer 

Square D FAL24040 Circuit Breaker, Molded Case 2 Pole 600V 40A 

Arrow Hart 20403N Power Lock Receptacle 30A 600V 

Johnson Controls CSA42A-601R Pilot Control 7 Amp 

Allen Bradley 100-A75NH3 Contactor 75A 3P 208V 

EKR DG90-60 004637 Electric Motor 100W 1350RPM 230/400V 

Humphrey HTBDA-16x3 Cylinder 

Omron E3S-CT11 Photoelectric Sensor 

Allen Bradley 1492-CABLE010H Cable For Digital I/O Module 

Ryco Graphic Mfg. 150A-107/150-15?08-3 Digital Pulse Dampening Board 

emecanique LC2-D1801G6 Reversing Contactor 18A 120V 3P 3NC 

Festo JMFH-5/2-D-2-C Solenoid Valve Manual 

Miller 928LS SofStop Shock Absorber w/ D-Ring 18" 

Westinghouse Motor Circuit Protector HMCP 

Delavan IETM-F Sub System MR-841 Microwave Receiving Sensor 

Allen Bradley 800EM-JM2 Joystick Operator Switch 22.5mm 

Pilz PNOZ-X2-24VAC/D?C Safety Relay 2NO 24V AC/DC 

PAS HT502-A-22 (1298/1098) Helix Heater For Probe Assembly Parts 

Allen Bradley 800T-3PY Push Button Station 600V 

Siemens 3TY7 460-0A Contact Kit for use with 3TF46 

Advance 71A60A1-001D Core Coil Ballast Kit 

Asco 8320-A170 Solenoid Valve 110v/50Hz 120V/60Hz 

HARRISON 302000A01F060 6' 12P Straight Cable 

Eagle Signal/Capp 14264 Cycl-Flex Reset Timer 0-60 Min 10/5A 120VAC 60Hz 

Tech Tran RCI-F PLC Control Board